Impacto del programa

Abstract

Los recursos naturales del Estado de México están sometidos a presión por los diferentes usos que de manera legal e ilegal realizan los pobladores e industrias establecidas. El Gobierno del Estado de México decretó la creación del Organismo Público Descentralizado denominado Protectora de Bosques del Estado de México (PROBOSQUE) el 13 de junio de 1990 con el objeto de proteger, conservar y fomentar el buen manejo de los recursos forestales. Más recientemente, el Gobierno Estatal creó el Programa de Pago por Servicios Ambientales Hidrológicos del Estado de México (PSAHEM) y se implementó el Fideicomiso para el Pago por Servicios Ambientales Hidrológicos (FIPASAHEM) para tal fin el 11 de agosto de 2007. En cinco años de operación del Programa se han otorgado pagos por un monto de $305.1 millones de pesos, para proteger y conservar una superficie de 61,345 hectáreas y los impactos de estos apoyos no se habían evaluado. Con el propósito de evaluar el impacto del PSAHEM en la presencia de incendios forestales, se tomó una muestra de 44 predios que han recibido beneficios de éste de manera permanente de 2007 al 2012. En un periodo de cinco años previo al apoyo, en estos predios se registraron 30 incendios, afectando una superficie de 90.30 ha distribuidas en 5.50 hectáreas de renuevo, 59.90 de arbustos y 24.90 de pastos. El índice de afectación obtenido es 3.01. En el segundo periodo −también de cinco años, pero recibiendo pago− se obtuvo que se presentaron 44 incendios, que afectaron 72 hectáreas, distribuidos en 11.50 ha de renuevo, 50 ha de arbustos y 10.50 pastos. El índice de afectación obtenido es de 1.64. Con la finalidad de tener un comparativo de los resultados descritos anteriormente, se seleccionaron 15 predios ubicados en diferentes regiones forestales del Estado de México, algunos predios han participado en el PSAHEM inconsistentemente y otros no han participado en el Programa. El análisis de incendios en el mismo periodo descrito anteriormente, arrojó que se presentaron 227 incendios, afectado una superficie total de 1,125.75 hectáreas, distribuidas en 173.75 ha de renuevo, 536.50 ha de arbustos y 415.50 ha de pastos, con un índice de afectación de 4.96. _______________ IMPACT OF THE PROGRAM "PAYMENT FOR HIDROLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES IN THE STATE OF MEXICO" ON FOREST FIRES OCURRENCE. ABSTRACT: Natural resources of the State of Mexico are subjected to pressure by the different uses that legally and illegally are carried out on them by the villagers and established industries. In order to protect, preserve and promote good management practices on the forest resources the State Government of Mexico ordered the creation of a decentralized public agency called Protective Forests of the State of Mexico (PROBOSQUE for its acronym in Spanish) on June 13,1990. More recently, the State Government created a program for Payment of Environmental Hydrological Services of the State of Mexico (PSAHEM for its acronym in Spanish) and implemented for such purpose the Trust Fund for the Payment for Environmental Hydrological Services (FIPASAHEM) on August 11, 2007. In five years of operation of the Program have been awarded payments by an amount of $305.1 million pesos to protect and conserve a surface of 61,345 hectares and the impacts of these supports have not being evaluated. With the purpose of assessing the impact of PSAHEM in the presence of forest fires, we took a sample of 44 sites that received this benefit on a permanent basis from 2007 to 2012. In a period of five years prior to receiving the support, 30 fires were recorded on these sites, affecting an area of 90.30 hectares distributed in 5.50 hectares of forest regeneration, 59.90 of shrubs and 24.90 hectares of grasses. An index of affectation equal to 3.01 was obtained for this period. In a second period -also of five years, but receiving an annual payment- it was found that 44 fires occurred, which affected 72 hectares, distributed on 11.50 hectares of forest regeneration, 50 hectares of shrubs and 10.50 hectares of pasture. The index of affectation obtained is 1.64. For the purpose of comparing the results described above we selected 15 forest farms located in different regions of the State of Mexico, some sites have participated in the PSAHEM inconsistently and others have not participated in the Program. The analysis of forest fires occurred in the same period as described above showed that there were 227 forest fires, affecting a total surface area of 1,125.75 hectares, distributed in 173.75 hectares of forest regeneration, 536.50 hectares of shrubs and 415.50 hectares of pasture, with an index of the affectation of 4.96 .