Efectividad in vitro de fungicidas naturales en el control de enfermedades postcosecha de chayote.

Abstract

In the last decades, an economic worldwide development model has been implemented which advocates a free market and the state’s exit of the economic activity. These type of economic policies were not unknow to the agricultural sector, they brought with them the crisis of the farm sector milk producers. On the other hand, tourism on an international scale, in the last decades acquires importance and is considered as an economic development strategy in urban and rural spaces. The research was realized in an italian colony located in the Chipilo’s community, in the municipality of San Gregorio Atzompa, Puebla, México, with the objective to knowing their economic transformation and their tourism potential. The information was obtained through field trips, the study was cross-sectional and descriptive, a questionnaire was applied to 30 livestock keepers and 20 non-farmers people. We found that the study space was transformed, from the settlement of this space, the production of cow milk was promoted and it becomes the main livestock product in the state of Puebla. But after the crisis is facing, this sector lost importance and the non-agricultural rural employment acquired relevance, highlighting trade and furniture production. Agrotourism is considered to represent a strategy to help to get better incomes of the farm production units. There are conditions to develop these type of projects, the majority of the respondents said that they would like to participate in agrotourism activities, there are agrotourism resources and they consider them attractive to the tourists. Highlights the milk production process on agricultural activities. The farm stables or facilities are suitable for sightseeing tours. It required to train people in tourist activities and give them credits to undertake tourist projects. It concludes that there is interest from the participants and they have important tourist resources for the visitors. _______________ in vitro EFFECTIVENESS OF NATURAL FUNGICIDES IN THE CONTROL OF POST-HARVEST DISEASES OF CHAYOTE. ABSTRACT: Veracruz is the largest chayote producer nationwide with a contribution of 85% of total production, however, it is estimated that 20% is lost due to diseases caused by microorganisms, both in the field and in post-harvest. The excessive use of agrochemicals causes different problems such as toxicity, rejection of exports and damage to the environment. Due to this, management alternatives have been sought for the control of phytopathogens with plant extracts. To know the antifungal effects of cinnamon essential oil, neem oil and black Zapote fruit extract on the main fungi that cause postharvest diseases in chayote, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Goetrichum sp. and Phytophthora capsici isolated from infected chayote fruits. The cinnamon and neem oils were obtained commercially while the black Zapote extract was obtained by mechanical extraction. The results show that the growth of the four pathogens could be completely reduced with the essential oil of cinnamon at 300 ppm; neem oil at 400 ppm showed a reduction of 42.3% in the growth of F. solani and 27.8% for F. oxysporum, and 53.3% for Phytophthora capsici and 20.9% for Goetrichum sp. at 350 ppm; meanwhile, the fresh extract of Zapote at 400 ppm showed a slight inhibition (21.9-28.6%) in all the fungi. Diseases in chayote fruits could be prevented with the evaluated plant extracts, adjusting their concentrations to optimal values.