Biología y hábitos del ácaro del bronceado del jitomate Aculops lycopersici (Massee) en invernadero.

Abstract

La investigación presenta dos objetivos: determinar la densidad poblacional de Aculops lycopersici y cómo afecta al rendimiento en jitomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill), así como encontrar la posible relación forética de A. lycopersici con otros insectos, asociados con el jitomate. Para lograrlos se trabajó en un invernadero del Colegio de Posgraduados en Texcoco, Estado de México. En el primer objetivo, se trabajó con tres variedades (SUN 7705, CID y V305 F1), el diseño experimental fue bloques completos con tratamientos aleatorizados. Los datos se analizaron mediante un ANOVA con el paquete estadístico de SAS V9.4, y se encontró que el estrato medio de la variedad V305 F1 presentó mayor incidencia de daño, lo que ocasionó mayor índice de frutos dañados, menor índice de frutos útiles y menor peso promedio por fruto; la variedad menos afectada, fue CID. Para el segundo objetivo, se efectuaron dos experimentos: 1. En cámara de cría, en cajas petri se depositaron foliolos de jitomate con A. lycopersici y un posible hospedante forético, y 2. En invernadero, se tomaron al azar 30 plantas de jitomate, colocándoles tres cajas petri con un hospedante forético en el estrato medio de cada planta; se realizó un análisis de variación y contrastes ortogonales con el paquete estadístico SAS V9.4. Los resultados indican que existe relación forética entre A. lycopersici y Paratrioza=B. Cockerelli. _______________ BIOLOGY AND HABIT OF THE TONED MITE OF THE TOMATOES Aculops lycopersici (MASSE) IN THE GREENHOUSE. ABSTRACT: This research has two main objectives. First, to determine the population density of Aculops lycopersici on tomato plants Lycopersicum esculentum Mill, and how this affects its production. Second, to study the potential phoretic relationship between A. lycopersicum with other insects present in the tomato plants. For the first objective, the population dynamics of the mite was determined in three tomato varieties (SUN 7705, CID and V305 F1), in a greenhouse located at the Colegio de Postgraduados in Texcoco, Mexico. The experiment was done using a completely randomized block design, and data were analysed using ANOVA. The variety V305 F1 showed the greatest population densities and the greatest number of tomato fruits damaged compared to the other varieties; in addition, the undamaged fruits presented a significant reduction in weight compared to the other varieties. The variety CID resulted as the least affected. For the second objective, the experiments were done in a controlled environment (CE) room and in a greenhouse. For the CE room experiment, different tomato leaflets of all three varieties were put in Petri dishes, each with different potential phoretic hosts (insects) for the mite. For the greenhouse experiment, 30 plants from each variety were randomly selected and three Petri dishes, each containing three different phoretic hosts, were placed in the middle section of the plants. Data from both experiments were analysed with ANOVA using orthogonal contrasts. Results from both experiments showed a close phoretic relationship between the mite and Bactericera cockerelli.