Aislamiento y caracterización de bacterias quitinolíticas ruminales
Abstract
Los principales objetivos del presente estudio fueron aislar y seleccionar bacterias ruminales quitinolíticas con alta capacidad para degradar quitina pura y caparazón de camarón in vitro, e identificar genéticamente a las bacterias seleccionadas usando secuencias de su gen 16S rARN amplificado mediante PCR. El aislamiento de las bacterias ruminales se inicio con un cultivo mixto liofilizado de bacterias quitinolíticas (CMBQ) obtenido de borregos alimentados con una dieta con 25% de caparazón de camarón. Se requirieron tres aislamientos progresivos para obtener dos bacterias ruminales puras. En el primer aislamiento se obtuvieron seis consorcios bacterianos: BQT1, BQT2, BQT3, BQT4, BQT6 y BQT6 , a partir de CMBQ. Por su alta capacidad para degradar quitina pura
(62.69 % a las 72 h de incubación) se seleccionó al consorcio BQT1 para el segundo proceso de aislamiento. Se usaron medios de cultivo a base de glucosa, quitina pura o caparazón de camarón y se aislaron 18 colonias (seis de cada uno de los medios de cultivo). De estas colonias se seleccionó el consorcio bacteriano Q6 (aislado del medio de cultivo con quitina pura) ya que causo la mayor degradación (p≤0.01) de quitina (33.31%) y caparazón de camarón (23.10 %) a las 72 h de fermentación. En el tercer aislamiento se
obtuvieron dos bacterias, Q6a y Q6b. Estas bacterias no tienen una
importante capacidad de degradar caparazón de camarón en cultivos axénicos (17.64 y 12.60% a las 72 h de incubación), pero en cocultivo, su capacidad aumenta ( p≤0.05) a 36.37%. Estos resultados indican una interacción sinérgica en la d egradación del caparazón de camarón entre las dos bacterias aisladas. Para la identificación genética de las dos bacterias aisladas se usaron fragmentos de 796 pb y se encontró que, con un 99% de similitud, Q6a pertenece a la especie Bacillus licheniformis, mientras que
Q6b está emparentada al género Enterococcus y sólo falta discernir si pertenece a la especie E. faecium, E. durans o E. lactis._________The main objectives of this study were to isolate and select chitin- degrading rumen bacteria with high capacity to degrade pure chitin and shrimp shell waste in vitro, as well as to identify genetically these bacteria, using their 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified by PCR. The isolation of rumen bacteria was started with a lyophilized chitin -degrading mixed culture (ChDMC),
obtained from lambs fed a diet containing 25% shrimp shell waste. Three progressive isolations were required in order to obtain two pure rumen bacteria. In the first isolation six bacteria consortia were obtained: BQT1, BQT2, BQT3, BQT4, BQT5 and BQT6, from the ChDMC. Due to its high capacity to degrade pure chitin (62.69% after 72 h incubation), BQT1 was select ed for the second isolation procedure. Culture media based on glucose,
chitin or shrimp shell waste were used, and 18 bacteria colonies were obtained (six from each culture media). The bacteria consortia Q6 (isolated from the culture medium with pure chiti n) was selected from all these colonies, since these bacteria caused the highest (p≤0.01) chitin (33.31%) and shrimp shell waste (23.10%) degradation after 72 h incubation. Two bacteria, Q6a and Q6b, were obtained in the third isolation. Axenic cultures of these bacteria have not an important chitin-degrading capacity (17.64 and 12.60% after 72 h incubation), but in coculture their capacity has a significant (p≤0.05) increase, 36.37%. These results indicate a synergic
interaction for chitin degradation between this two isolated bacteria.
Fragments of 796 bp were used for the genetic identification of the two isolated bacteria; it was found, with 99% of similitude, that Q6a belongs to the specie Bacillus licheniformis, and Q6b is a family member of the genus Enterococcus, but it is still required to confirm if this bacteria belongs to the specie E. faecium, E. durans or E. lactis.
Collections
- Tesis MC, MT, MP y DC [403]