Pasta de higuerilla en dietas para pollos de engorda.

Abstract

La pasta de higuerilla (Ricinus communis L) contiene sustancias altamente tóxicas, por lo que se evaluó la efectividad de tres métodos de desintoxicación y su inclusión en dietas para pollos de engorda. Se evaluaron cinco tratamientos (dietas experimentales): dieta testigo a base de maíz y pasta de soya (PS), pasta de higuerilla sin desintoxicar (PH), pasta de higuerilla tratada con autoclave (PHMA), pasta de higuerilla tratada con el método químico (PHMQ) y pasta de higuerilla tratada con autoclave y método químico (PHMAQ). Cada tratamiento se asignó al azar a siete unidades experimentales con 10 pollos cada una. Las variables evaluadas fueron: consumo de alimento (COA), conversión alimenticia (CA), ganancia de peso (GP) rendimiento en canal (RC), rendimiento de pechuga (RP), rendimiento de pierna con muslo (RPM), desarrollo del sistema digestivo, habilidad para caminar (HC), angulación valgus /varus (AVV) y latencia a postrarse (LP). Los pollos alimentados con PH y PHMQ tuvieron menor COA y GP (P < 0.05), sin embargo, no hubo diferencias entre tratamientos para CA. Se encontraron diferencias entre tratamiento (P < 0.05) para HC y AVV, mientras que en LP no hubo diferencias (P > 0.05). Los resultados evidencian que el tratamiento con autoclave (1 atmosfera de presión durante 60 minutos a 121 °C) disminuyó la toxicidad en la pasta de higuerilla ya que las aves del tratamiento PHMA tuvieron un comportamiento productivo similar (P < 0.05) a las de la dieta testigo. _______________ DETOXIFIED CASTOR CAKE IN DIETS FOR BROILERS. ABSTRACT: The castor cake (Ricinus communis L) contains highly toxic substances, so the effectiveness of three detoxification methods and their inclusion in diets for broilers was evaluated. Five treatments were evaluated (experimental diets): control diet based corn and soybean meal (PS), un-detoxified castor cake (PH), autoclaved treated castor cake (PHMA), castor cake treated with chemical method (PHMQ) and castor cake treated with autoclave and chemical method (PHMAQ). Each treatment was randomized to seven experimental units with 10 chickens each. The variables evaluated were: feed intake (FI), feed conversion (CA), body weight gain (GP), carcass yield (RC), breast yield (RP), thigh leg yield (RPM), development of the digestive system, walking ability (HC), angulation valgus / varus (AVV) and latency to lie down (LP). Chicks fed the PH and PHMQ diets had lower COA and GP (P <0.05). There were no differences between treatments for CA. Differences were found between treatment (P <0.05) for HC and AVV, while in LP there were no differences (P> 0.05). The results show that the treatment with autoclave (1 pressure atmosphere during 60 minutes at 121 ° C) decreased the toxicity in the castor oil paste since the birds of the PHMA treatment had a similar productive performance (P <0.05) to those of the control diet.