Pollos de engorda como modelo animal para el estudio de la obesidad.

Abstract

Se diseñó y evaluó el potencial de una metodología matemática y biológica para el estudio de los cambios cuantitativos metabólicos, fisiológicos y clínicos que se llevan a cabo en animales en crecimiento con sobrepeso. Para este fin, se agruparon 30 pollos recién nacidos en tres grupos, G1, Momordica charantia (polifenoles), G2, Control, G3, Jarabe de alta fructosa (JAF), y se midieron durante 25 días los consumos de alimento, polifenoles y JAF, además, la producción de calor, el cambio en el peso corporal y de las fracciones corporales (grasa física, pechuga, muslo, vísceras e intestino), así como el grado de hipertensión. Se utilizó un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales para ajustar las curvas de crecimiento de las fracciones corporales (multi-ajuste) para obtener las tasas de crecimientos de las fracciones corporales y la cinética del flujo de energía de los diferentes grupos. El grupo G3 tuvo un consumo superior de 362.22 g/d, en comparación con G1 (175.68 g) y G2 (209.93 g), reflejado en una mayor producción de calor y aumento en la deposición de grasa. No se encontraron diferencias de grados de hipertensión entre los grupos. La metodología desarrollada ayudó a evaluar cuantitativamente y de una manera integral los cambios que se presentan en procesos de desbalance energéticos que son la base de la obesidad en animales. _______________ BROILERS AS AN ANIMAL MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF OBESITY. ABSTRACT: The objective of the work was to design and evaluate the potential of a mathematical and biological methodology for the study of quantitative metabolic, physiological and clinical changes that are carried out in overweight growing animals, as well as changes as a consequence of compounds that modify the energy balance of animals, either worsening (high fructose syrup) or improving (polyphenols) nutritional status. 30 one-day-old male chickens were divided into three groups, G1 Momordica charantia (polyphenols), G2 Control, G3 High Fructose Syrup (HFS); for 25 days, food consumption, polyphenols and HFS were measured, in addition, metabolic heat production, body weight, weight of the body fractions (physical fat, breast, thigh, viscera and intestine), and degree of hypertension calculated from measurements in the hearts of broilers. A system of differential equations was used to adjust the growth curves of the body fractions in a multi-fit and to obtain the growth rates of the body fractions. To know the degree of similarity of the behavior of the animal system with the simulated, a Pearson's linear correlation analysis was performed. In general, the behavior of the three groups was similar; however, the group that consumed HFS had a much higher feed consumption 362.22 g / d compared to the Momordica group (175.68 g) and Control (209.93 g), which was reflected in increased heat production and increase in fat deposition in the fraction of physical fat. Regarding the evaluation of the degrees of hypertension, no consistent differences were found among the groups. The methodology developed in this paper helped to quantitatively and comprehensively evaluate the changes that occur in energy imbalance processes that are the basis of obesity in animals.