Identificación morfológica y por análisis multilocus de especies de Colletotrichum en el cultivo de cafeto en la zona norte de Puebla.

Abstract

Dada la diversidad de enfermedades foliares del cafeto, el objetivo del estudio fue identificar las especies de Colletotrichum en síntomas similares a antracnosis en plantaciones de cafeto de la zona norte del estado de Puebla. En 2013 se hicieron cinco muestreos en diferentes zonas de producción y altitudes cultivadas con la variedad Caturra Rojo y donde se colectaron hojas, y frutos verdes y maduros con síntomas de antracnosis, y tallos apicales necrosados. Los síntomas fueron descritos y fotografiados. Se obtuvieron 60 aislamientos de Colletotrichum en cultivo agar de tejidos desinfestados. Se seleccionaron 10 aislamientos para su identificación morfológica y caracterización por análisis multilocus principalmente con los genes de Actina, β-tubulina y las regiones ITS. Además pruebas de patogenicidad se condujeron con seis aislamientos. Se identificó a C. gigasporum, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. siamense, C. theobromicola y Colletotrichum sp. (una posible especie perteneciente al complejo C. gigasporum), y todas las cuales fueron patogénicas en hojas de cafeto de la variedad Caturra Rojo y se caracterizaron los síntomas. _______________ ABSTRACT: Due to the diversity of foliar diseases affecting coffee plants, the aim of this study was to identify the Colletotrichum species with similar anthracnose symptoms in coffee plantations located in the northern state of Puebla. In 2013, five samplings in different production areas and altitudes were carried out, where leaves, ripe and unripe fruits with anthracnose symptoms and necrotic stems of the Red Caturra variety were collected. Isolates of disinfested tissues in agar culture were obtained. Symptoms were described and photographed. Colletotrichum 60 isolates were obtained from disinfested tissue on culture agar. Ten isolates were selected for morphological identification and characterization by multilocus analysis with mainly the Actin, β- tubulina genes and ITS regions, additionally; and pathogenicity tests were done with six isolates. The species identified were C. gigasporum, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. siamense, C. theobromicola and Colletotrichum sp., a possible specie belonging to the complex C. gigasporum. All of the species were pathogenic on coffee tree leaves and their symptoms were characterized.